CPSC ndi chiyani?

CPSC (Consumer Product Safety Commission) ndi bungwe lofunikira loteteza ogula ku United States, lomwe lili ndi udindo woteteza chitetezo cha ogula pogwiritsa ntchito zinthu zomwe ogula amagula.Satifiketi ya CPSC imatanthawuza zinthu zomwe zimakwaniritsa miyezo yachitetezo yokhazikitsidwa ndi Consumer Product Safety Commission ndipo zimatsimikiziridwa ndi izo.Cholinga chachikulu cha certification ya CPSC ndikuwonetsetsa kuti zinthu za ogula zimakwaniritsa zofunikira zachitetezo pakupanga, kupanga, kuitanitsa, kulongedza ndi kugulitsa, komanso kuchepetsa ziwopsezo zachitetezo pakagwiritsidwe ntchito kwa ogula.

1. Mbiri ndi kufunikira kwa chiphaso cha CPSC
Ndi chitukuko chofulumira cha sayansi ndi luso lamakono, zinthu zosiyanasiyana zogula zinthu zikutuluka nthawi zonse, ndipo ogula akukumana ndi zoopsa zomwe zingatheke pachitetezo akamagwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa.Pofuna kuwonetsetsa kuti zinthu zomwe ogula zikugwiritsidwa ntchito motetezeka, boma la US lidakhazikitsa Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) mu 1972, yomwe ili ndi udindo woyang'anira chitetezo chazinthu zogula.Chitsimikizo cha CPSC ndi njira yabwino yowonetsetsa kuti zogulitsa zikukwaniritsa miyezo yoyenera yachitetezo zisanayikidwe pamsika, potero zimachepetsa chiwopsezo cha kuvulala mwangozi kwa ogula akamagwiritsa ntchito.

2. Kuchuluka ndi zomwe zili mu certification ya CPSC
Kukula kwa certification ya CPSC ndikwambiri, kumakhudza magawo ambiri ogula, monga zinthu za ana, zida zapakhomo, zida zamagetsi, zoseweretsa, nsalu, mipando, zomangira, ndi zina zambiri. Makamaka, chiphaso cha CPSC chimakhudzanso izi:
①Miyezo yachitetezo: CPSC yakhazikitsa miyezo yotetezeka ndipo imafuna kuti makampani azitsatira izi popanga ndi kugulitsa zinthu.Makampani ayenera kuwayesa kuti awonetsetse kuti zinthu sizingawononge ogula akamagwiritsidwa ntchito moyenera komanso molakwika.
②Mayendedwe a Certification: Chitsimikizo cha CPSC chimagawidwa m'magawo awiri: gawo loyamba ndikuyesa zinthu, ndipo kampaniyo iyenera kutumiza malondawo ku labotale yachitatu yovomerezedwa ndi CPSC kuti iyesedwe kuti iwonetsetse kuti malondawo akukwaniritsa zofunikira zachitetezo;Gawo lachiwiri ndikuwunika njira yopangira.CPSC iwunikanso malo opangira kampaniyo, kasamalidwe kabwino, ndi zina zambiri kuti zitsimikizire kukhazikika kwazinthu.
③Kukumbukira kwazinthu: CPSC imafuna kuti makampani azitsata zomwe amapanga.Chinthu chikapezeka kuti chili ndi zoopsa zachitetezo, njira zofulumira ziyenera kuchitidwa kuti zikumbukire.Nthawi yomweyo, CPSC ichitanso kafukufuku wofufuza pazinthu zomwe zakumbukiridwa kuti zipitilize kuwongolera miyezo yachitetezo ndi zofunikira za certification.
④Kutsatiridwa ndi kutsatiridwa: CPSC imayang'ana zinthu zomwe zimagulitsidwa pamsika kuti ziwone ngati zikutsatira mfundo zachitetezo ndi ziphaso.Pazinthu zosagwirizana, CPSC idzachitapo kanthu, monga machenjezo, chindapusa, kulanda katundu, ndi zina.

3. Laborator yovomerezeka ya CPSC
Chinthu chofunikira kwambiri choyang'aniridwa ndi certification ya CPSC ndi zinthu za ana, monga zoseweretsa, zovala ndi zofunikira zatsiku ndi tsiku, kuphatikiza kuyesa ndi zofunikira pakuyatsa (flame retardant) magwiridwe antchito, zinthu zowopsa zamakina, magwiridwe antchito amakina ndi chitetezo chathupi, ndi zina. Zinthu zoyeserera za CPSC:
①Kuyesa mwakuthupi: kuphatikiza kuyang'ana m'mbali zakuthwa, zotuluka, zokhazikika, ndi zina zambiri kuti muwonetsetse kuti palibe mbali zakuthwa kapena zotuluka za chidole zomwe zitha kuvulaza ana;
②Kuyesa kuyaka: Yesani momwe chidolecho chikuyaka pafupi ndi gwero lamoto kuti muwonetsetse kuti chidolecho sichidzawotcha moto wowopsa chifukwa cha gwero lamoto chikagwiritsidwa ntchito;
③Kuyesa kwa kawopsedwe: Yesani ngati zida zomwe zili muzoseweretsa zili ndi mankhwala owopsa, monga lead, phthalates, ndi zina zambiri, kuti muwonetsetse thanzi ndi chitetezo cha zoseweretsa za ana.

4. Zotsatira za certification CPSC
①Chitsimikizo chachitetezo chazinthu: Chitsimikizo cha CPSC cholinga chake ndi kuteteza ogula ku zoopsa zomwe zimachitika chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito zinthu zosatetezeka.Kudzera mu njira zoyesera ndi zowunikira, satifiketi ya CPSC imawonetsetsa kuti zogulitsa zimakwaniritsa zofunikira zachitetezo, potero zimachepetsa chiwopsezo cha ngozi ndi kuvulala pakagwiritsidwe ntchito.Zogulitsa zomwe zimapeza certification ya CPSC zitha kukulitsa kuwonekera kwatsopano kwa ogula, kuwapangitsa kukhala ofunitsitsa kugula ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zinthuzi.
②Pasipoti yolowa mumsika waku US: Chiphaso cha CPSC ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zofunikira zolowera mumsika waku US.Mukamagulitsa ndi kugawa zinthu ku United States, kutsatira zofunikira za certification ya CPSC kumatha kupewa nkhani zamalamulo ndi zowongolera ndikuwonetsetsa kuti mgwirizano pakati pa mabizinesi ndi othandizana nawo monga ogulitsa ndi ogulitsa.Popanda chiphaso cha CPSC, zinthu zidzakumana ndi zoopsa monga kuletsa msika, kukumbukira kukumbukira, ndi ngongole zalamulo, zomwe zingakhudze kwambiri kukula kwa msika ndi kugulitsa kwamakampani.
③Kukhulupilika ndi mbiri yamakampani: Chiphaso cha CPSC ndichidziwitso chofunikira chamakampani potengera mtundu wazinthu ndi chitetezo.Kupeza satifiketi ya CPSC kumatsimikizira kuti kampaniyo imatha kuwongolera ndikuwongolera chitetezo chazinthu, ndipo ikuwonetsa kuti imayang'anira zofuna za ogula ndi maudindo a anthu.Zimathandizira kukulitsa mbiri ndi kudalirika kwa kampaniyo, kukhazikitsa maubwino osiyanitsidwa pamsika wampikisano wowopsa, ndikukopa ogula ambiri kuti asankhe ndikudalira zinthu zakampaniyo.
④Kupititsa patsogolo mpikisano wamsika: Kupeza satifiketi ya CPSC kumatha kukulitsa mpikisano wamsika wamabizinesi.Kukhalapo kwa ziphaso kutha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chida champhamvu chodziwitsira ndi kugulitsa pamtundu wazinthu ndi chitetezo, kukopa ogula ambiri kuti asankhe zinthu zakampani.Poyerekeza ndi omwe akupikisana nawo opanda ziphaso, makampani omwe ali ndi satifiketi ya CPSC ali ndi mwayi wampikisano ndipo amatha kukondedwa ndi ogula ndikugawana nawo msika.